Organisational opportunities for person-centred care in residential aged care: a focus group study with managers and staff.

High-risk pregnancy refers to conditions during pregnancy or childbirth that may threaten the health and life of the mother, fetus, or newborn []. Pregnant women with such high-risk conditions experience higher levels of anxiety than those with normal pregnancies because of concerns about the potential for obstetric complications and fetal health issues during pregnancy and childbirth []. Anxiety experienced by pregnant women can lead to depression, which is reported in 10%–25% of all pregnant women []. In particular, some studies have suggested that high-risk pregnant women are approximately 3 times more likely to experience prenatal depression than low-risk pregnant women []. Prenatal depression is associated with an increase in the risk of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and complications during delivery in pregnant women []. Mental health issues may not only lead to increased rates of preterm birth and low birth weight but also elevate the risk of neonatal infections and cognitive developmental disorders []. Untreated prenatal depression can lead to maternal nutritional deficiencies, sleep disturbances, poor adherence to medical recommendations, increased exposure to tobacco and substance, and even suicide risk []. Furthermore, prenatal depression can progress to postpartum depression, and chronic depressive conditions and may recur in subsequent pregnancies []. Given that a substantial proportion of pregnant women experience depressive symptoms, understanding the underlying causes of prenatal depression and developing effective interventions is important. Such efforts can improve the health of not only the pregnant women but also the fetus and the family. Pregnancy stress is a major factor influencing depression during pregnancy. It reduces placental blood flow and oxygen supply to the fetus, potentially impairing fetal brain development []. High levels of pregnancy-related stress are associated with miscarriage and preterm birth, thereby adversely affecting both maternal and fetal outcomes []. Compared with women with low-risk pregnancies, high-risk pregnant women are more likely to experience elevated stress levels due to physical complications, frequent hospital visits, and prolonged hospitalization, which may further exacerbate depressive symptoms [].