National Trends In US Opioid-Related Hospitalizations, 2016-23.

Thematic analysis drawing on a constructivist and evolved grounded theory concepts harnessed the research team backgrounds as experienced paramedic researchers and insiders, adding a richness of insight, and ability to bring meaning to the data. The Voice over Internet Protocol allowed for broader engagement and flexibility in terms of geography, paramedic work patterns and accessibility. Limitations include recall bias of participants, along with recognising the need for some caution of the framing due to the small and context specific sample size and emergency medical services site, the insider-ness of the research team and potential for preconceived ideas to influence the construction of theory.