Developing an Antenatal Intervention to Improve Vaccine Uptake Using Parent, Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement in Northern Ireland.
Authors: McCarron SA, Patterson L, Hart N
Journal: Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy
mental health
psychology
open access
Abstract
Bruxism is defined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine as repetitive jaw
muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth [], and it
is classified into sleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) according to its
circadian occurrence []. Specifically, SB involves rhythmic or non-rhythmic
masticatory muscle activity during sleep, whereas AB refers to repetitive or
sustained jaw muscle activity during wakefulness []. Although these subtypes
differ in their behavioral and physiological characteristics, both have been
associated with similar clinical consequences and may contribute to reduced
quality of life []. Recurrent bruxistic activity has been associated with a range of clinical
manifestations, including orofacial pain, masticatory muscle hypertrophy, tooth
wear, hypersensitivity, restorative failures, and temporomandibular disorders
(TMD) [, , , ]. However, bruxism is no longer considered solely a peripheral
parafunctional habit; rather, it is increasingly conceptualized as a
multifactorial motor behavior influenced by genetic, neurobiological, and
psychosocial factors, including emotional stress and alterations in
neurotransmitter regulation []. In particular, accumulating evidence has highlighted the involvement of central
nervous system mechanisms in SB. Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity during
sleep frequently coincides with micro-arousals and transient autonomic
activation, thereby suggesting a close relationship with both sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system modulation [, ]. These findings support a
biopsychosocial framework for understanding the pathophysiology of bruxism.
muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth [], and it
is classified into sleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) according to its
circadian occurrence []. Specifically, SB involves rhythmic or non-rhythmic
masticatory muscle activity during sleep, whereas AB refers to repetitive or
sustained jaw muscle activity during wakefulness []. Although these subtypes
differ in their behavioral and physiological characteristics, both have been
associated with similar clinical consequences and may contribute to reduced
quality of life []. Recurrent bruxistic activity has been associated with a range of clinical
manifestations, including orofacial pain, masticatory muscle hypertrophy, tooth
wear, hypersensitivity, restorative failures, and temporomandibular disorders
(TMD) [, , , ]. However, bruxism is no longer considered solely a peripheral
parafunctional habit; rather, it is increasingly conceptualized as a
multifactorial motor behavior influenced by genetic, neurobiological, and
psychosocial factors, including emotional stress and alterations in
neurotransmitter regulation []. In particular, accumulating evidence has highlighted the involvement of central
nervous system mechanisms in SB. Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity during
sleep frequently coincides with micro-arousals and transient autonomic
activation, thereby suggesting a close relationship with both sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous system modulation [, ]. These findings support a
biopsychosocial framework for understanding the pathophysiology of bruxism.