Influence of the timing of brief, high-intensity cycling exercise on memory for novel words presented during an initial Portuguese lesson among older adolescents with ADHD: An exploratory study.

Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States [], and colonoscopy remains the gold standard for early detection and prevention. Tens of thousands of colonoscopy and endoscopy procedures are performed each year at Ohio State’s Wexner Medical Center. However, despite their efficacy, around 20% of these tests are postponed because patients have not read, understood, and correctly carried out prep instructions. Inadequate colonoscopy prep has economic, health-related, and social costs. Economic costs include missed days from taking the prep, taking time off for the procedure, travel costs to get to the appointment and back, and the cost of having an accompanying person to drive (which is a requirement for the procedure). For the health care system, they lead to a missed appointment, incurring resultant wasted resources. Health-related costs include potentially reduced compliance with screening guidelines (only about 70% comply []) and thus risk of missing polyps. Social costs include frustration on the part of patients, in addition to patients sharing their experience with others, which can deter others from undergoing colonoscopy. A key driver of this preventable problem is information overload: patients receive lengthy and complex written instructions days or weeks before their procedure, making it difficult to recall and correctly execute each step at the right time. For example, patients are given the information sheets that typically instruct them to drink half of a prep solution for clearing out the colon at 6 PM on the evening before their scheduled procedure and the other half 6 hours before the procedure time. However, some patients nevertheless show up for their procedure with the second half of their prep solution in hand—falsely assuming that they are supposed to take it after arriving at the procedure facility—and end up having to reschedule the procedure. Past interventions, such as reminder apps [], instructional videos, and automated text messages [], have improved prep adherence only modestly [], largely because they lack the capacity for interactive question answering. The ability to answer questions appears to be critical: when automated systems could not respond to patient questions [], improvements in adherence disappeared []. Thus, a conversational assistant that can safely respond to patient queries is a promising next step in supporting patients during colonoscopy preparation.