Machine learning-driven risk assessment of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children: analysis based on core clinical and immunological features.

Since the introduction of disulfiram in 1951 (the first ever Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication for substance use disorders (SUDs)) (), only seven other individual medications have been approved for the treatment of SUDs. While the repurpose of medications and different formulations increase the total number of FDA-approved medicines [ and ()], the arsenal of pharmacological approaches remains limited for a group of diseases that affect 16.8% of individuals aged 12 or older (), are linked to more than 700,000 deaths annually (–), and cost more than 700 billion dollars yearly (). Notable progress in public health has been achieved with certain current medications [such as buprenorphine for opioid use disorder () or varenicline for nicotine use disorder ()]. In contrast, attempts to identify successful, off-label treatment for other SUDs [topiramate for cocaine use disorder (), bupropion with naltrexone for methamphetamine use disorder (), or gabapentin for cannabis use disorder ()] have yielded only relatively modest results.