Outcome measurement in trauma-informed care education across healthcare settings: A scoping review.

The incidence of mental disorders has been increasing year by year. Currently, mental disorders remain one of the top ten leading causes of global disease burden, with no downward trend in burden levels (). Mental disorders not only impair health but also significantly increase suicide risk and associated mortality (–). At present, conventional pharmacotherapy for various mental disorders has limited efficacy, long onset times, and relatively low remission and response rates (). Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) induces controlled seizure activity through electrical stimulation while the patient is in a state of muscle relaxation and sedation achieved via anesthetic techniques, thereby modulating brain function (). It is particularly indicated for patients with severe mental disorders accompanied by intense suicidal ideation, catatonic stupor, or refusal of food, enabling rapid symptom control (), and represents one of the important therapeutic modalities for psychiatric disorders (, ). ECT treatment outcomes are influenced by multiple factors (, ), among which the selection of optimal anesthetic agents constitutes a major challenge in ECT (). The commonly used combination in China is propofol with succinylcholine; however, propofol elevates seizure threshold and shortens seizure duration (), potentially exerting adverse effects on ECT efficacy. Given the inhibitory effect of propofol on seizure activity, exploring alternative agents with minimal impact on seizure duration is of particular significance.