"I don't want to be a burden": the double-edged role of filial piety in fall-risk perception among community-dwelling older adults in China.

Aggressive behavior refers to intentional acts that cause physical or psychological harm to others (). It is closely related to an individual's physical and mental health and serves as a factor influencing an individual's capacity for social development. Aggressive behavior is closely linked to an individual's emotional regulation abilities (), social skills (), and self-control (). The World Health Organization's Preventing Youth Violence: Facts and Figures () and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Minors (Revised in 2020) () explicitly state that preventing violence against children and adolescents is a critical public health issue, requiring families, schools, and society to jointly assume responsibility for protecting minors from violence. However, contemporary adolescents are prone to engaging in antisocial behavior (). At the same time, due to inappropriate parenting practices, family dysfunction, and strained social relationships within contemporary families of origin, adolescents often lack emotional regulation and self-control, making them highly prone to conflicts and aggressive behavior when interacting with peers (). The emergence of aggressive behavior can lead to social difficulties and mental health issues, disrupting normal daily life and triggering depression, anxiety, self-harm, and other problematic behaviors, which severely impact adolescents' physical and mental wellbeing (). Adolescents in junior and senior high school are in a sensitive period of physical, mental, and social cognitive development. Preventing and reducing aggressive behavior among adolescents during this stage is not only crucial for their psychological wellbeing and social adaptation but also a necessary prerequisite for fostering citizens with a sense of social responsibility and a healthy personality. The physical and mental health of adolescents has long been a key focus in the fields of public health and education. For many years, scholars have generally agreed that physical exercise is one of the most effective interventions for promoting adolescents' physical and mental health and social adaptation (). Empirical research indicates that physical exercise helps develop general self-efficacy and emotional regulation strategies (), promotes social connectedness (), and enhances self-control while reducing aggressive behavior among adolescents (). Generally speaking, adolescents who actively participate in physical exercise demonstrate better self-control (), develop emotional stability and behavioral control (), and exhibit fewer externalizing problem behaviors (such as impulsivity, hostility, and aggression) (). In contrast, adolescents who reject, resist, or abandon participation in physical exercise are more prone to adverse psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression, exhibit rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors (), and may even gradually develop behavioral disorders, leading to actual bullying and violent acts that trigger further conflicts (), thereby provoking more aggressive behavior. Research indicates that adolescents who do not engage in physical exercise face a significantly increased risk of developing mood disorders, delusional thoughts, and visual perception disorders in adulthood (). Negative behaviors often lead to negative psychological states and emotional experiences, thereby triggering interpersonal conflicts and social adaptation issues (), increasing the likelihood of aggressive behavior. Based on this, it is inferred that physical exercise is an important associated factor for reducing aggressive behavior in adolescents. However, scholars exploring the psychological mechanisms of adolescent aggressive behavior have reached divergent conclusions, suggesting that insufficient emotional regulation, poor social skills, and low levels of self-control are prerequisites for problem behavior (–), indicating that aggressive behavior may reflect a state of depleted psychological resources. Evidence indicates that adolescents with higher levels of aggressive behavior are more likely to experience loneliness and difficulties in school adjustment (), and loneliness has been confirmed to be significantly negatively associated with physical activity levels in adolescents (, ). At the social level, adolescents with poor social skills are prone to interpersonal conflicts and often exhibit inappropriate behaviors such as defensive or aggressive language when interacting with others (). Meanwhile, Zhou and Yang () demonstrated that adolescents with higher levels of social anxiety tend to have lower levels of physical activity participation (). At the emotion regulation level, adolescents with poor emotion regulation skills are more prone to aggressive tendencies and often exhibit passive-aggressive behavior (); when participating in group activities, they tend to display negative behaviors such as avoidance, apathy, withdrawal, covert truancy, and refusal to participate