Unleashing the Cognitive Potential of Chess: A View of the Contribution of Neurofeedback Training to the Enrichment of High-level Cognitive Abilities.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) refer to diseases primarily transmitted through sexual contact (). STIs are caused by over 30 different microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites (; ). The global burden of STIs is mainly attributed to eight pathogens: four curable bacterial and parasitic infections (syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis) and four incurable viral pathogens—hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) (; ). The transmission modes of STIs can be broadly categorized into three types (): (1) Bacterial STIs: Syphilis, caused by , is a typical example of a bacterial STI. Primary syphilis presents as a painless genital ulcer or chancre, while secondary syphilis is characterized by systemic disease with rashes, fever, and mucocutaneous lesions. (2) Viral STIs: This includes HSV, HPV, and HIV, with HPV being the most common viral STI globally. It encompasses various genotypes, some of which are carcinogenic and can lead to cervical cancer, anal cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer. HPV infections can also cause genital warts, cervical dysplasia, or asymptomatic infections, depending on the virus genotype and host immune response ().