The "two flowers therapy": clinical efficacy and mechanisms of a total glucosides of paeony -colchicine dual-drugs for Behçet's disease derived from Chinese physicians' medication experience.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as the deliberate, self-inflicted destruction of body tissue in the absence of suicidal intent (). Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to NSSI owing to developmental immaturity and challenges in emotion regulation (). Globally, meta-analytic estimates indicate a pooled lifetime prevalence of 22.0% and a 12-month prevalence of 23.2% among adolescents (). In China, these figures are slightly higher, at 24.7% (lifetime) and 24.9% (12-month) (). The high prevalence of NSSI among adolescents not only inflicts direct physical harm but also contributes to a spectrum of adverse outcomes, including mental health disorders and compromised academic performance (). More critically, NSSI constitutes one of the proximal risk factors for suicide attempts (, ), and its frequency is positively associated with an elevated risk of subsequent suicidal behaviors (, ). Collectively, NSSI imposes a considerable economic and psychosocial burden on individuals, families, and society. Given the high incidence and long-term deleterious consequences of adolescent NSSI, identifying effective prevention and intervention strategies has emerged as a public health priority (, , ). Physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep, as modifiable lifestyle factors, show promise in preventing NSSI (–). Indeed, recent evidence has shown that sufficient PA (, ), limited sedentary behavior (, ), and appropriate sleep duration (, ) are independently associated with a lower risk of NSSI among adolescents. However, previous research has also reported contrary findings (). Interestingly, PA, sedentary behavior, and sleep are interdependent behaviors of the 24-h day, collectively termed 24-h movement behaviors (, ). Given their compositional nature, any change in one behavior necessarily results in compensatory shifts across the full 24-h movement pattern (, ). Therefore, an integrated approach is warranted to examine the association between 24-h movement behaviors and NSSI. In 2016, Canada introduced the world's first 24-h movement guidelines for children and adolescents, which recommend at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day, no more than 2 h of screen time, and age-appropriate sleep duration (9 to 11 h for children aged 5–13 and 8 to 10 h for adolescents aged 14–17) (). This paradigm shift highlights the importance of integrated movement behaviors for health promotion (, ) and has been widely adopted by scholars in many countries (, ), including China (). To date, multiple studies have explored the associations between adherence to 24-h movement guidelines and psychological health (PH) (–), along with suicidality and related outcomes (–). NSSI has emerged as an increasingly critical public health priority (, , ), yet no studies to date have assessed the association between 24-h movement guidelines and NSSI, and the existence of such a link remains unconfirmed. Moreover, the prevalence of NSSI among adolescents varies by sex, with higher rates reported in girls (, , ). Research has also shown sex differences in the association between healthy lifestyle behaviors and NSSI (, ). Similar sex variations have been further confirmed in the associations between 24-h movement guidelines and PH (, ), as well as suicidality and related outcomes (–). However, the extent to which sex moderates the association between adherence to 24-h movement guidelines and NSSI remains unclear.