Yoga as an Adjunctive Intervention for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Scoping Review.

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are among the most prevalent types of pituitary tumors, accounting for approximately 22–54% of all pituitary adenomas (). Unlike their functional counterparts, NFPAs do not secrete hormones and are typically characterized by symptoms related to local mass effect, including headaches, visual disturbances, and hypopituitarism (, ). Diagnosis is often incidental or made when patients present with unrelated symptoms. Despite their non-functional nature, these tumors can still result in substantial endocrine disturbances, particularly during the course of treatment. Endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery (eTSS) has become one of the primary approaches for treating NFPAs due to its minimal invasiveness and enhanced visualization, which facilitate precise tumor resection while minimizing injury to surrounding structures (). Nevertheless, despite the efficacy of surgical tumor removal, many NFPA patients develop postoperative hypopituitarism, most notably involving impairment of the adrenal cortical axis. Hypopituitarism is a common postoperative complication in NFPA patients, especially when accompanied by adrenal insufficiency, which necessitates long-term glucocorticoid replacement therapy. However, postoperative glucocorticoid dosing is typically based on empirical judgment, lacking standardized quantitative guidelines. This creates a risk of inadequate replacement, which may increase the likelihood of adrenal crisis or lead to adverse reactions due to excessive replacement. Therefore, accurately assessing postoperative glucocorticoid requirements remains a critical issue in clinical practice (, ).