Bioinformed idiographic symptom networks to identify neurobiological predictors of affective-state transitions in bipolar disorder.

When sexual violence happens on campus, the ways in which an institution responds to that incident can sometimes perpetuate additional harm for survivors and others in the university community, a phenomenon known as i (, , ). Examples of institutional betrayal are commonly shared in the media. For instance, in 2015, a student athlete named Brock Turner sexually assaulted a woman named Chanel Miller outside of a fraternity party at Stanford University (; ). This event caught the attention of the media in North America and globally, highlighting several troubling problems with the investigation and response procedures used by post-secondary institutions. The dehumanizing, silencing, and traumatizing investigation and legal processes experienced by Chanel were outlined in her memoir (). Examples like this and others that have attracted widespread media attention (e.g., ; ) illustrate glaring problems with post-secondary institutions’ responses to incidents of violence. As stories like Chanel Miller's are publicized, academic scholarship has begun to explore public perceptions of institutional responses to violence (e.g., ; ; ). One trend has become increasingly noticeable in this area: many students and other stakeholders in post-secondary settings worry that their institutions would not be supportive in the event of an assault or other act of violence (; ). Moreover, students are also increasingly aware and wary of the structural and cultural conditions present in institutional contexts that contribute to sexual violence (; ; ; ). In particular, these fears are particularly salient for students from minority groups, such as graduate students, international students, racialized students, or other minorities (e.g., ; ; ). The current study introduces a new application of the institutional betrayal framework, a concept called Although the original institutional betrayal framework describes how the actions and inactions of a university (or other institutions) can perpetuate further harm to survivors of sexual violence in the wake of trauma (, , , for a review, also see ), fear of institutional betrayal is an attitudinal concept that describes how individuals might fear that these actions would happen in the future. Specifically, fear of institutional betrayal is the belief held by members of an institution that the institution will fail to prevent or acceptably respond to an instance of campus sexual violence, and that engagement with the institution in the aftermath of sexual violence will result in further harm for survivors. In essence, fear of institutional betrayal is the fear that involvement with the institution after an incident of violence will make things worse for the survivor. Fear of institutional betrayal also reflects concerns about the structural and cultural conditions that precede assault or disclosure. In the context of campus sexual violence, “members of an institution” are most commonly students, but may also reflect the experiences of faculty, staff, and other university community members.