Impact of Yoga Intervention on Pulmonary Functions in Young Nonhypoxemic Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients at a Tertiary Care Center.

In the digital era, family life is increasingly permeated by smartphones and other electronic devices. These technologies provide convenient communication, abundant entertainment, and efficient information access (, ). However, their widespread adoption has also introduced significant concerns. Parents’ frequent use of mobile devices (parental phubbing) while spending time with adolescents, has emerged as a growing issue in both academic and public discourse. This behavior not only diminishes the quality of parent-child interactions but may also exert profound effects on adolescents’ mental health and behavioral patterns, being associated with negative emotions such as anger and sadness (, ). Parents serve as crucial role models for adolescents, and when device use intrudes upon parent-child interactions, disregarding adolescents’ emotional or behavioral needs, it is statistically associated with both parental problematic smartphone dependency and relational neglect (). Notably, parental phubbing extends beyond the home, occurring in contexts such as family meals outings and shared activities (). Chronic engagement in this behavior may erode parent-child bonds while adversely affecting children’s emotional regulation, cognitive development, and long-term psychological and physical health (, ). Another topic associated with the prevalence of smartphones is the declining trend in adolescents’ mental health and physical well-being (). Current research primarily focuses on the relationship between parental phubbing and adolescents’ smartphone addiction (), academic burnout (), and depressive tendencies (). These studies suggest that parental phubbing is statistically associated with poorer mental health outcomes in adolescents, increasing the likelihood of emotional disorders, diminished social skills, and identity crises (). However, among the various manifestations of adolescents’ mental health, generalized anxiety (GAD) and social anxiety (SAD) have received less attention compared to depression or smartphone addiction. Unlike depression which is a broader affective disorder influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors, GAD is more directly linked to a lack of security and predictability in daily parent child interactions (). Unlike smartphone addiction which may share behavioral patterns with parental phubbing, SAD is more directly related to reduced opportunities for face-to-face social learning and heightened fear of negative evaluation (). Specifically, GAD is characterized by excessive worry about daily life events and may stem from a lack of security caused by insufficient parent child interaction (). SAD is reflected in interpersonal tension and avoidance and is directly linked to a lack of effective face-to-face communication. Therefore, focusing on GAD and SAD allows us to capture the immediate emotional consequences of parental phubbing more precisely than broader outcomes like depression or behaviorally oriented outcomes like smartphone addiction. The emergence of these two types of anxiety causes numerous challenges in adolescents’ academic lives, social interactions, and other areas.