Effect of intradialytic resistance exercise on quality of life of hemodialysis patients in Hamad Medical Corporation: A quasi-experimental study.

Patient safety in the operating room is a critical, high-stakes priority. Despite medical advances, preventable errors remain a significant concern, as highlighted by the landmark report **.[] These errors frequently originate from human factors rather than technical incompetence. Studies such as the Harvard Medical Practice Study have documented that adverse events in hospitalized patients are often due to communication failures and lapses in teamwork.[] Further evidence from analyses of surgical errors confirms that miscommunication and teamwork breakdowns are prevalent contributors to preventable harm in the operating room.[] In response to these systemic issues, the World Health Organization introduced the Surgical Safety Checklist as a tool to standardize communication at critical procedural pauses.[] The efficacy of this intervention is well-established; a seminal global study demonstrated that implementing the checklist significantly reduces surgical morbidity and mortality.[] However, the checklist’s success is not automatic; it functions as a sociotechnical tool. Its power is unlocked not by perfunctory completion, but through genuine, engaged team dialogue.[] The mechanism of this benefit is clarified by systematic reviews, which find that safety checklists improve teamwork and communication in the operating room when used interactively.[] The practical implementation and impact of checklists have been further detailed in subsequent comprehensive reviews, underscoring their role in standardizing care and prompting crucial conversations.[] This emphasis on process aligns with major professional guidelines. The Helsinki Declaration on Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology explicitly champions nontechnical skills like communication as foundational to safe practice.[] Similarly, leading professional societies, such as the American Society of Anesthesiologists, integrate standards that reinforce the importance of vigilance and communication for patient safety.[]