Psychological distress, coping methods and self-care among people with diabetes mellitus in Ibadan.

In recent decades, obesity has become a public health issue of pandemic proportions, affecting millions of people worldwide. This increase reflects a complex interaction among changes in the food environment, sedentary lifestyles, socioeconomic, environmental, and genetic factors, a phenomenon that goes beyond simplistic explanations. Obesogenic environments have a direct impact on behavioral choices and contribute significantly to the spread of this condition. Therefore, given its complexity, obesity requires an integrated and intersectoral approach involving health professionals, industry, social organizations, and, above all, public authorities, whose leadership in the formulation and implementation of evidence-based policies is essential to effectively address the problem. This coordination is essential to address structural challenges and promote sustainable interventions that take into account the social determinants of health. According to the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO) and the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SBEM), obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat, with the body mass index (BMI) being the main diagnostic parameter. Overweight corresponds to a BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m, obesity is defined as a BMI ≥30 kg/m, and severe obesity as a BMI ≥40 kg/m or ≥35 kg/m with comorbidities. However, new guidelines propose supplementing this classification by considering the maximum weight achieved in life (MWAL). This approach values modest weight loss, capable of providing clinical benefits even without leaving the obesity range, favoring a more individualized management.