Optimism and mindfulness are associated with decreased abdominal pain among adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic, and disabling mental disorder affecting about 1% of the world’s population. Its persistent nature requires long-term treatment with antipsychotic medication, which appears effective in preventing relapse.[] Antipsychotic medications are available in two main forms: oral antipsychotics and long-acting injectable formulations (LAIs). Oral antipsychotics provide greater flexibility in dose adjustment and easier discontinuation, making them appropriate for early treatment stages or patients with good insight.[] However, medication adherence is often significantly poor among individuals with schizophrenia. Nonadherence to treatment, observed in both early and later stages of the illness, poses a major challenge in managing schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.[] Adherence to medication in schizophrenia depends on various factors, including personal and social variables (such as age, gender, and education), disease-specific factors, the patient’s perception and attitude towards the illness, treatment-related aspects, and the patient’s overall health status.[] Consistently, poor adherence to oral antipsychotics is linked to higher relapse rates and more hospital stays.[]