Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on sex pheromone communication behavior of male Athetis lepigone by upregulating odorant-binding protein 20.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by high intracranial pressure (ICP) in the absence of a space-occupying lesion, with diagnosis based on the modified Dandy criteria. Common presenting features of IIH include symptoms of headache, pulsatile tinnitus, diplopia, and transient visual obscurations, with papilledema on funduscopic exam. When left untreated, IIH can cause irreversible vision loss from optic neuropathy. IIH can be treated medically, with acetazolamide (first line), topiramate, furosemide, or, more recently, glucagon-like receptor 1 agonists, as well as surgically, with optic nerve sheath fenestration, cerebral venous sinus stenting, or CSF shunt placement. Weight loss is also typically part of the treatment plan, with initial weight loss targets of six to ten percent of body weight. Previous studies have characterized IIH as a disease that disproportionately affects patients who are female, young (pre-menopausal), obese, and Black. Additionally, existing literature has identified a number of social determinants of health, including unemployment, income, rural residence, and transportation limitations, that may predispose women to developing IIH. However, there are limited data characterizing differences in initial presentation and post-treatment outcomes of IIH across racial and socioeconomic groups. This study aimed to compare presenting features and outcomes of IIH across patients from different racial, ethnic, and insurance status groups. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients receiving care at the Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins, who were evaluated between July 1, 2013, and September 30, 2023. This study received approval from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board. Due to the retrospective nature of the data, informed consent was not required.