Not all reflection is equal: Reflective practice, not self-reflection, correlates with Indonesian medical students' professional identity formation.

• This paper provides novel qualitative insights into how care professionals perceive and respond to non-dementia-related mental distress among older adults in nursing homes. By highlighting overlooked aspects of psychological and emotional care, it contributes to a more nuanced understanding of residents’ needs and identifies gaps in staff training and systemic support within long-term care facilities.