Psychometric properties of the Arabic IMPACT Bowel Function Short Form for assessing pelvic floor dysfunctions symptoms.

A general theory to be seriously tested is that some primary abilities can be improved with practice of various kinds and that positive transfer effects will be evident in tasks depending upon those abilities. As pioneering psychologist of creativity J. P. Guilford conjectured in the above epigraph, it is often suggested in the literature that students' engagement in creative activities (e.g., putting on a play or designing a science experiment), might be expected to be positively associated with their creative thinking ability. This pattern could be observed because those activities support the development of creativity—the capacity to generate solutions that are not only useful or appropriate but also novel or original (Runco & Jaeger, )—or it may be through a selection effect where more creative individuals choose to engage in such activities, or a combination of both (Carbonaro & Maloney, ; Diedrich et al., ; Dumas et al., ; Holland & Andre, ; Mack & Landau, ; Steger et al., ). In the educational context, such creative activities are often considered extracurricular, because traditional school curricula often emphasize solely convergent thinking, prompting students to engage with problems that have a single correct answer, as reflected in standardized testing practices (Beghetto & Kaufman, ; Beghetto & Plucker, ; Fuhrman, ; Robinson, ).