The 'Hippocratic Oath' for AI-based clinical decision support systems.

Overweight and obesity have emerged as major public health challenges of the 21st century, with prevalence increasing steadily across age groups and world regions []. Obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a health risk [], commonly operationalised using body mass index (BMI), with a BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m² classified as overweight and a BMI of ≥ 30.0 kg/m² as obesity []. Recent global estimates indicate that more than 390 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 years have overweight or obesity, reflecting a more than two‑fold increase in combined prevalence since 1990 []. This epidemic now affects low‑, middle‑, and high‑income countries alike, with the fastest relative increases observed in low‑ and middle‑income settings []. Saudi Arabia has undergone rapid economic development, urbanisation, and technological change over recent decades, accompanied by marked shifts in nutrition and lifestyle []. These shifts have been characterised by increased consumption of energy‑dense, nutrient‑poor foods, reduced habitual physical activity, greater reliance on motorised transport, and prolonged screen‑based sedentary behaviour []. National and regional data consistently show a high and rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among Saudi children and adolescents, with boys often exhibiting higher rates of excess weight than girls []. However, gender patterns may vary by age and region []. In particular, the Northern Border Region has experienced demographic change and increasing urbanisation, which may be driving obesogenic lifestyle patterns among young people []. ​Adolescence is a critical period when health‑related behaviours are established and often track into adulthood. Late adolescence and emerging adulthood (approximately 18–24 years) are especially important, as individuals gain greater autonomy, transition to higher education or work, and encounter new social and environmental influences that shape diet, physical activity, and sleep behaviours []. In Saudi Arabia, late adolescents often face unique challenges, including irregular meal patterns, high intake of fast food and sugar‑sweetened beverages, and reduced engagement in structured physical activity, all of which have been linked to higher obesity risk [, ]. Concurrently, a cultural shift toward sedentary leisure pursuits, such as prolonged screen time and electronic gaming, has been associated with lower physical fitness and adverse cardiometabolic profiles among youth [].