From Adversity to Materialistic Value Orientation: Parent-Child Attachment and Gender Differences in Chinese Adolescents.

Understanding and effectively using health information is critical to an individual’s health and quality of life []. Recognized as a critical element of global health initiatives, health literacy is essential in improving public health outcomes []. Furthermore, low health literacy moderately correlated with reduced quality of life and health outcomes []. Yet nearly half of the adults struggled with limited health literacy in studies from Taiwan []. Despite the critical role of health literacy in patient care, community healthcare providers in Taiwan were not especially familiar with health literacy when implementing it into clinical practice, even though they recognized its importance []. Additionally, the average medical student falls into the “problematic” category []. Therefore, integrating health literacy training into the education of healthcare professionals is crucial, as it enhances communication, empowers patients, improves patient outcomes, and fosters high-quality, patient-centered care [–]. For example, school-based interventions, such as medical simulation videos, role-playing, and board games, enhance health literacy competencies and promote professional development []. Many studies have employed didactic and experiential methods. However, these studies often lack detailed reporting on program characteristics or evaluation methods []. Nevertheless, previous studies have highlighted various efforts to enhance healthcare providers’ health literacy skills. Educational methods, such as teach-back, jargon-free communication, effective questioning, simulation videos, card-based board games, case-based learning, digital drawing, service-learning experiences, lectures, and standardized patient practice, have significantly enhanced medical students’ competence, confidence, and familiarity with health literacy [–]. In recent years, various frameworks defining health literacy competencies for healthcare providers have emerged [, , ]. In a landmark 2013 study, Coleman and colleagues identified a comprehensive list of 62 competencies []. In Taiwan, a similar effort was made by Liu et al., who created a local set of competencies for physician health literacy []. Building on these findings, our study aimed to incorporate health literacy into medical education curricula by a program that combined a lecture, a simulated case-based video, followed by a two-week-long observation and practice in the real-world clinic for fifth-year medical students in Taiwan’s family medicine clerkship while access the effectiveness of our educational program.