High resolution images and 3D models of the root canal anatomy enhance reflective reasoning in dental students. A qualitative and quantitative assessment.

Suicide is a pressing public health issue in the United States. In 2022, nearly 50,000 Americans died by suicide and another 2.5 million attempted suicide (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ). Although suicide represents a serious health concern across the lifespan, rates of suicide in youth have shown particularly concerning trends in recent years. Youth suicide deaths increased 62% between 2007 and 2021 (Curtin and Garnett ), an even more dramatic surge than the increase in rates across all ages. Suicide is now the second leading cause of death in youth (Garnett and Curtin ), with studies showing that 10% of high school students have made a suicide attempt and 22% have considered suicide (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ). These alarming trends have prompted the declaration of a youth mental health crisis by the U.S. Surgeon General (Office of the Surgeon General ) and several pediatric organizations (American Academy of Pediatrics ). To address this crisis, there is a need to better understand who is at risk. Suicidal ideation (SI) is a common risk factor for suicide behavior that often arises during adolescence (Nock et al. ). Previous literature suggests that the greatest risk for making a suicide attempt occurs within the first year of SI onset (Nock et al. ; Nock et al. ), indicating that intervention during this critical developmental window is crucial. Not all young people experiencing SI will go on to attempt suicide (May and Klonsky ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ), but severity of SI has been associated with future suicide attempts (Nock et al. ; Park et al. ). Studying the factors that relate to the severity of SI in youth can help us better understand who is at risk and develop more effective prevention and intervention strategies. Emerging research suggests that individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) are related to SI severity across the developmental spectrum (Allan et al. ). IU is the trait‐like tendency to respond to uncertain events and situations with negative cognitive, behavioral, and/or physiological reactions (Carleton ). Individuals high in IU react negatively to uncertainty and have difficulty coping with unpredictable or ambiguous stressors. Maladaptive responses to uncertainty exacerbate negative affect and arousal states (Greco and Roger ), which is theorized to contribute to thoughts of death or suicide as a means of reliable escape or affective relief (Allan et al. ). An early model by Shneidman () posited that suicidal behavior is a means of escaping intolerable psychological/emotional distress and that individual differences in thresholds for tolerating this distress reflect thresholds for suicidal behavior. Indeed, escape/avoidance has been shown to underlie the motivational drive for suicidal behavior (Bryan et al. ; Bryan and Rudd ). (Figure ).