A unified platform for the rapid assembly of glutarimides for Cereblon E3 ligase modulatory drugs.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) has a lifetime prevalence of 0.1% to 3.6% in women and 0% to 0.3% in men (Van Eeden et al. ). Rates of AN have been steadily increasing for 10 to 14 year‐old girls (Petkova et al. ; Reas and Rø ). Specifically, girls are more likely to develop AN at an earlier age than boys, associated with trends in earlier onset of puberty in girls (Favaro et al. ; Gonzalez et al. ; Herpertz‐Dahlmann ; Swanson et al. ). Adolescents diagnosed with an eating disorder (ED), including those who eventually recover, have been found to be at increased risk for numerous biopsychosocial consequences; these include poorer physical health and higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities through early adulthood, such as personality disorders, substance use, and suicidality (Johnson et al. ). Anxiety and depression are highly comorbid in adolescents (Brady and Kendall ; Seligman and Ollendick ), and specifically among adolescents who have been diagnosed with an ED (Blinder et al. ; Herpertz‐Dahlmann et al. ; Kaye et al. ; Laessle et al. ; Pollice et al. ; Salbach‐Andrae et al. ). However, implications of the co‐occurrence of ED, depression, and anxiety have not been thoroughly investigated. One study demonstrated that adolescent girls with AN who presented with comorbid depression and anxiety tended to have more severe ED symptoms—as well as more suicide attempts and hospitalizations—than girls with AN alone (Brand‐Gothelf et al. ). More severe depression and anxiety symptoms have also been associated with more severe ED symptoms (Sander et al. ), perhaps because the co‐occurrence of all three disorders may indicate a broader deficit in emotional regulation (Smith et al. ). Further supporting this claim, a recent systematic review found consistent associations between emotion regulation difficulties and EDs across the diagnostic spectrum, highlighting the transdiagnostic role of emotion regulation in ED psychopathology (Félix et al. ). Other common substrates amongst EDs, depression, and anxiety include general distress (Clark and Watson ) and perfectionism and self‐criticism (Egan et al. ; Williams and Levinson ). Clinical implications of these comorbid symptoms warrant further investigation. Most studies investigating ED, depression, and anxiety symptoms are cross‐sectional or aimed at identifying predictors of ED; however, there is limited research on how these symptoms interact over the course of intensive treatment (i.e., inpatient and/or partial hospitalization). We propose a conceptual model such that ED, depression, and anxiety symptoms develop in parallel because of their shared substrates; therefore, ED treatment, which targets underlying vulnerabilities, results in parallel improvement in all symptoms. This rationale is supported by a recent review of progress and advancements in assessing and treating EDs in youth, which highlights overlapping symptomology as a key clinical challenge, proposes emotion regulation difficulties as a key mechanism linked to the development of EDs, and notes promising evidence for emerging approaches to ED treatment that target emotion regulation difficulties (Horovitz ).