Environmental factors associated with nesting habits and age shape the composition and connection between skin and uropygial gland microbiomes of birds.

Cyberbullying is highly prevalent during adolescence and has been consistently associated with poorer mental health outcomes, including elevated psychological distress and reduced wellbeing (Bansal et al. ; Kowalski et al. ; Nixon ). However, these associations are not uniform. While some young people experience broad psychosocial impairment, others demonstrate more selective difficulties or maintain relatively adaptive functioning despite exposure (Kumar and Goldstein ). From a developmental psychopathology perspective, such heterogeneity reflects processes of and , whereby similar exposures may give rise to different outcomes, or similar outcomes may arise from distinct pathways (Gee ; Nelson et al. ). In adolescence, these processes are typically shaped by the interplay of interpersonal stressors, such as cyberbullying, and broader sociocultural influences, including appearance‐related pressures (Gill and Farnham ). Accordingly, person‐centered approaches may provide important insight into the heterogeneity of adolescent functioning by identifying distinct psychosocial profiles that reflect the co‐occurrence of these experiences within individuals over time (Handley et al. ). Yet, most existing research has examined these factors in isolation, providing limited insight into how different dimensions of psychosocial functioning co‐occur within individuals across adolescence. Adolescent psychosocial functioning spans multiple domains of risk and adaptation. Psychological distress, reflecting internalizing symptoms such as depression and anxiety, is associated with impairments in social, academic, and health outcomes (Kim ; Wang et al. ). Body dissatisfaction represents another key domain, typically intensifying across adolescence and consistently linked to emotional difficulties and broader psychosocial impairment (Merino et al. ; Rodgers et al. ; Voelker et al. ). Importantly, body dissatisfaction is a well‐established precursor to eating psychopathology, with longitudinal evidence linking dissatisfaction to the onset and persistence of eating disorder symptoms (Stice and Shaw ). In contrast, wellbeing, quality of life, and social connectedness represent adaptive resources that support positive developmental outcomes and buffer against stress exposure (Adelantado‐Renau et al. ; Blum et al. ; Driver et al. ; Marquez et al. ; Xia et al. ), including cyberbullying (McLoughlin et al. ). These domains do not operate in isolation but interact to shape broader patterns of adolescent functioning. For example, adolescents may experience elevated distress alongside relatively preserved wellbeing, or low distress without flourishing, consistent with dual‐continua models of mental health (Crisp et al. ; Iasiello and Van Agteren ; Keyes ). Body dissatisfaction frequently co‐occurs with psychological distress, reflecting bidirectional relationships between negative self‐perceptions and emotional difficulties (Al‐Musharaf et al. ; Barnes et al. ; Merino et al. ; Sharpe et al. ). However, it may also emerge in the relative absence of broader impairment, indicating a more domain‐specific pattern of vulnerability often described as “normative discontent” (Merino et al. ; Voelker et al. ). Together, these findings indicate that adolescent vulnerability may manifest as broader psychosocial impairment or more specific difficulties within particular domains.