Can stimulating ownership increase fertility: Evidence from housing interventions in China.

Emergency departments (EDs) serve as a primary point of access to health care for many patients seeking care, including for non-urgent administrative and informational needs []. Within many communities, limited access to primary care and community resources leads patients to seek assistance in the ED for such purposes []. Patients commonly seek guidance on issues such as obtaining sick notes, with frequent informational inquiries contributing to greater communication demands on clinical staff [, ]. Patient satisfaction in the ED is influenced by communication quality and access to clear information [, ]. Inadequate access to information has been associated with poorer overall patient experience [, ]. Prior studies have demonstrated that patients who receive general information in the ED report higher satisfaction, even when wait times are prolonged []. Digital self-service tools offer a potential strategy to address these challenges. Quick Response (QR) code-based interventions are low cost, reliable, and familiar to most individuals, requiring minimal infrastructure to implement [, ]. Previous studies have suggested that QR codes can effectively deliver patient education, facilitate rapid access to resources, and support patient autonomy in information seeking [, ]. Patients have demonstrated strong engagement with QR code tools when the information provided is directly relevant to immediate needs and can be accessed at the point of care [, ].