Comparison of the P300 between maintenance and manipulation conditions in the auditory N-back paradigm among early and late adolescents.

Humans develop within social relationships, and their emotions and behaviours can be shaped by close interpersonal contexts such as the family. Among these systems, the family is one of the most proximal and enduring contexts influencing psychological adjustment. Family harmony, as an indicator of positive relational functioning within the family system, may therefore be closely linked to how individuals manage their emotions and regulate their everyday behaviours. Extending this family-process perspective to contemporary digital contexts is also important. Family harmony is increasingly expressed not only through face-to-face support and low conflict, but also through shared digital norms, parental and family modelling of technology use, responsiveness during online and offline interactions and the degree to which digital media either supports or disrupts relational availability. Although the present study did not directly assess digital parenting practices, the model can be interpreted within a broader digital family-process perspective in which family relationships and digital behaviours are intertwined rather than separate domains. Empirical evidence suggests that family harmony is linked to healthier emotional functioning and lower levels of dysregulated digital behaviours and other risky behaviours. In particular, individuals from more harmonious family environments tend to report stronger emotion-management skills. This association is significant because emotion management has also been connected to lower levels of problematic social media use. From this perspective, emotion management may be relevant to how family harmony is associated with problematic social media use.