Strengthening maternal: preparedness of maternity nurses for clinical emergencies and deterioration.

By 2030, nearly 75% of all cancer-related deaths are projected to occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, cancer research remains disproportionately concentrated in high-income countries (HICs), limiting the generalizability and global applicability of clinical trial evidence. Latin America (LATAM), composed predominantly of upper-middle–income countries, exemplifies this broader LMIC related gap, with a growing cancer burden but persistent underrepresentation in the clinical trials that inform global standards of care. Given that global oncology trials must include a meaningful proportion of participants from LMIC regions to adequately assess both treatment efficacy and applicability, and that data remain particularly scarce for malignancies with rapidly increasing incidence in these settings, including genitourinary (GU) and skin cancers, the aim of this study was to assess the actual inclusion of Latin American participants in recent practice changing clinical trials. We reviewed practice changing phase II/III trials in advanced GU and cutaneous skin cancers (melanoma, non-melanoma) published between 2015 and 2024. Data extracted included geographic trial participation, country site distribution, and reporting of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. Descriptive analyses were used to characterize the absolute numbers and rates of participation of Latin American participants.