Cognitive Workload and Mental Burden in Health Care Professionals Interacting With AI: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Recent advancements in Ophthalmology have significantly transformed this field, with meaningful changes in the areas of research, diagnostics, and therapeutics [–]. Over the years, groundbreaking innovations in medicine have also encompassed ophthalmic surgery, leading to the development of novel surgical techniques that offer improvements in ergonomics, educational value, and postoperative outcomes []. Despite the traditional ophthalmic surgery model, by relying on the presence of the microscope only itself, has achieved significant results in surgery establishing its effectiveness and safety, innovative models have made their steps into ophthalmic surgery and pioneering additional tools such as the heads up and three-dimensional (3D) systems, have thus achieved promising results in anterior and posterior segment procedures with significant ergonomics benefits.[–] As a result, these innovative techniques have enriched the landscape of intraocular surgery, offering a new way of performing successful procedures, which is today available mostly worldwide []. Overall, cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgeries. Its estimates collect about 3.7 million cases per year in the United States []. The technique has always been improving for intraocular lens (IOL) materials, phacoemulsification techniques, surgical tools and visualization systems, being the hallmark of a world that is continuously moving on [, ]. Recently, our group of research has been exploring the potential applications of mixed reality visualization systems in Ophthalmic surgery [, ]. First analyzed in a pivotal study in intraocular surgery, the use of a mixed reality headset (MRH) demonstrated safety and efficacy in completing the procedure with overall patient, surgeon and learners satisfaction. In fact, the advantages of using this system not only rely on the continuous update during surgery and superimposing available systems, that allow the overlay of pre-operative data to the intraoperative scenario without interfering with the procedure, but also extends to the possibility of mentoring and discussing the surgery in the Operatory room (OR) and beyond, through the application of the headset related systems. [, ] Previously, Orione et al. have tested the applicability of the same device in ophthalmoplastic surgery, demonstrating its potential applications in the treatment of periocular areas and adnexa []. All this evidence supports the role of innovative tools in Ophthalmology; nevertheless, despite the striking impact they have, we must consider that to suit their full applicability, such models cannot exclude their potential in cataract surgery, which requires control, precision and effectiveness. Therefore, the aim of this study is to confirm the applicability of a MRH in cataract surgery.