Activation of GHSRs Facilitates the Excitability of Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells and Short-Term Spatial Memory via Multiple Ionic and Signaling Mechanisms.

In the past decade, wearable devices, including smartwatches, fitness trackers, and smart rings, have become ubiquitous, driven by a growing awareness of personal health and improvements in technology and design []. Wearables serve as accessible sensors to gather health data in decentralized clinical trials []. Almost 60% of adults in a recent survey owned a wearable device, and over half of them were willing to share health data for research purposes []. Digital health technologies (DHTs) that combine wearables and mobile devices enable continuous remote monitoring of patients undergoing pharmacotherapy or non‐pharmacological interventions. They provide real‐time biomarker data that can be analyzed to estimate human functioning and deliver adaptive digital interventions based on individualized physiological and behavioral patterns. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is committed to supporting DHTs in drug development and is drafting guidance on their use for remote and continuous data collection []. When designing digital health studies using wearables, investigators have access to three broad categories of devices. First, medical‐grade wearables (e.g., glucose monitors), which are designed for a specific health indication and measure a narrow range of signals with clinically actionable outputs. Second, research‐grade wearables (e.g., ActiGraph), which are designed and validated for scientific research and are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for continuous monitoring. These devices measure a wide range of physiological signals including heart rate, movement, and sleep duration []. And third, consumer‐grade wearables (e.g., the Apple Watch), which are designed for everyday personal use and general wellness, focusing on affordability, ease‐of‐use and long‐term wear. In the past 5 years, consumer‐grade wearables have achieved comparable sensor fidelity to research‐grade devices for key endpoints such as step count, heart rate, and sleep staging [, , ], though accuracy lags for metrics such as energy expenditure []. Furthermore, increased sensing capacity combined with sophisticated data analytics has allowed for FDA‐approved tests for atrial fibrillation [] across several vendors including Apple and Garmin. Because of the increasing ubiquity and accuracy [] of consumer‐grade wearables, hundreds of clinical trials now use these devices to collect data needed to define clinically relevant endpoints []. But while consumer wearables' accessibility and relatively low cost make them attractive for large‐scale patient monitoring and research, clinical investigators are often challenged by the engineering ecosystem needed to support a study's digital operations.