Acute and Chronic Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Motor Inhibition and Cortical Excitability in Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a significant language impairment that affects daily functioning, has a negative prognosis, and lacks a clear biomedical aetiology (Bishop et al. ). Children with DLD are at risk for co‐occurring cognitive, emotional, and social difficulties, as well as poor educational outcomes (Bleses et al. ) and increased psychological distress (Lee et al. ). Longitudinal studies indicate that DLD does not resolve spontaneously, and persistence into school age often leads to further developmental impairments (Snowling et al. ). DLD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with international prevalence estimates ranging widely depending on diagnostic criteria. While rates vary from 2.5% in Finland (Hannus et al. ) to 19.7% in Egypt (Gad‐Allah et al. ), most studies converge on approximately 7%–8%, including in the U.S., U.K., China, and Mexico (Tomblin et al. ; Norbury et al. ; Wu et al. ; Auza et al. ). Its frequency and impact have increased attention to diagnostic standards, early intervention, and preventive strategies. Early identification of DLD in German‐speaking populations remains under development. This study examines the predictive validity of the German parent questionnaires FRAKIS‐K (Szagun et al. , ) and SBE‐2‐KT (Suchodoletz and Sachse, ) for two‐year‐old children, using standardized language assessment at age four as the outcome, while also exploring the potential for optimizing cut‐off values.