Prevalence and Ergonomic Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Pain Among Clinical Nurses in Türkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Demographic replacement conspiracies—that allege a deliberate effort to change a nation’s demographics and supplant a “true” people—are central to far-right narratives worldwide. In the United States, these beliefs center on claims that immigration is being strategically deployed to reduce White Christian conservatives to a minority [,]. For individuals experiencing increased anxiety amid economic instability and rapid social change, such conspiracies provide a comforting sense of certainty, offering clear targets for blame and straightforward solutions. While white nationalist groups have long propagated these conspiracies to attract members and fuel activism [], part of a broader strategy of threat narratives [,], the rise of online forums and social media has amplified their reach []. In 2021, an AP-NORC poll indicated that nearly half of Republicans believe in a deliberate effort to “replace” native-born Americans with immigrants []. Extremist influencers often amplify conspiratorial ideas that are then circulated amongst everyday social media users. However, political elites also play a crucial role in shaping and disseminating these narratives for ideological or electoral gain []. Some leaders openly endorse extremist views, as seen in Donald Trump’s anti-immigrant “invasion” rhetoric and border policies, which fueled existing prejudices [–]. Indeed, a 2022 Yahoo/YouGov poll found that over 6 in 10 Trump supporters (61%) believed “a group in this country is trying to replace native-born Americans with immigrants and people of color who share their political views” []. Other times, however, politicians use subtler “dog-whistle” tactics, that resonate with mainstream audiences while “winking” to white supremacists, in what Sanchez describes as “rhetorical versatility” [,]. For instance, Trump’s “Make America Great Again” slogan is argued to evoke nostalgia for a past marked by heightened discrimination against racial, gender, and other minorities []. However, the influence of political narratives from elites likely extends beyond shaping public attention and opinion. Theory and empirical evidence suggest that political endorsements of hostile rhetoric may those with existing prejudices to act []. Similarly, social movement scholarship on [], building from a long literature examining the cultural and political aspects of social movements [–], suggests these endorsements can be interpreted by movement adherents as signifying opportunities for mobilization. Both perspectives align with a substantial empirical literature linking anti-minority rhetoric and behaviors, including violence [,]. Yet, while these observed empirical links between political rhetoric and violence are compelling, we remain uncertain about how political endorsements of white replacement conspiracies, specifically, associate with extremist activity.