Shared Behavioural Determinants of Short Sleep and Obesity From Childhood to Adolescence: An Analyses of Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort 1.

Healthcare employees are exposed to various risks and hazards in their work settings along with significant work‐related musculoskeletal pain (MSP) primarily as a result of ergonomic and psychosocial factors. It is reported that the prevalence of MSP among healthcare employees varies between 26% and 100% [, ]. The conditions in the work setting and many different variables might cause MSP to be detected at different rates. However, the common result of previous studies is that MSP might be an occupational healthcare concern that affects all healthcare employees if it is not managed well [–]. Nurses work in environments characterized by intense physical demands and multiple ergonomic risk factors, which position them as a high‐risk group for MSP [, ]. Their involvement in physically demanding tasks such as direct patient care, patient handling, and mobility assistance further increases exposure to biomechanical strain []. Clinical nurses (CNs), in particular, frequently experience MSP in the neck, back, and lower back due to repetitive activities, patient positioning, transportation, poor posture, and high physical workload [, ], all of which negatively affect their quality of life and job performance []. Recent systematic reviews reinforce this evidence, reporting high prevalence rates of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders among nursing populations. Clari et al. identified especially elevated rates in the lower back, neck, and shoulders []; Zare et al. highlighted the contribution of psychosocial stressors such as workload, insufficient support, and time pressure to upper‐limb disorders []; and Wang et al. emphasized that long weekly working hours, extended years of service, and female sex represent significant risk factors []. Collectively, these findings underscore the need to evaluate both physical and organizational determinants when examining MSP in CNs. Ergonomic interventions come to the forefront as an effective method in reducing the prevalence of MSP among nurses. In a systematic review, nurses reported a reduction of 18%–72% in musculoskeletal injuries following ergonomic arrangements and education programs []. An experimental study that was conducted with operating room nurses reported that ergonomic interventions might reduce MSP in many parts of the body []. Studies conducted with intensive care nurses reported that approaches such as training programs, stretching exercises, and the use of assistive devices might be effective in reducing the risk and prevalence of MSP in body parts such as the ankle, hand/wrist, waist, neck, hip, and shoulder [, ]. The implementation of structured programs such as personalized ergonomic interventions was shown to be effective in improving posture and reducing pain intensity and pain‐related medication use [, ].