Cultural and behavioural drivers of zoonotic disease risk along the wild meat value chain in rural Cameroon.

As one of the common metabolic complications during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has become a major concern in the field of perinatal medicine worldwide. GDM not only significantly increases the risk of preterm delivery, preeclampsia, cesarean section, and other adverse pregnancy outcomes but also may lead to abnormal fetal growth and development, such as small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and macrosomia, while increasing the incidence of postpartum type 2 diabetes in mothers (). In recent years, with changes in lifestyle and improved coverage of pregnancy screening, the incidence rate of GDM has shown a significant upward trend. The incidence rate of GDM in China has reached 11.7% (), making it an important public health concern affecting the health of mothers and infants. Although adverse effects of GDM has been widely recognized and clinical attention to the condition continues to increase, the current prevention strategies for GDM still lack broad applicability, and treatment measures are mostly focused on blood glucose monitoring and basic intervention, without establishing a precise and effective comprehensive management system (). Our previous 1-day outpatient intervention study on diabetes preliminarily demonstrated that this intervention model can effectively reduce the stress adaptation disorder of GDM patients and improve blood glucose-related indicators. However, the mechanism of improvement remains unclear (). In addition, insufficient evidence exists to determine whether the abnormal iron metabolism of GDM patients plays a role in it and whether this intervention can further reduce the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Based on the above research gaps, this study aims to deeply explore the potential molecular mechanism of the 1-day outpatient intervention for diabetes to improve insulin resistance in GDM patients and to systematically evaluate its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes so as to provide a new basis for optimizing the clinical intervention strategy for GDM and improving maternal and infant health. Pregnant women who underwent prenatal checkups at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from April 2023 to August 2025 and were between 24 and 28 weeks pregnant. These pregnant women fasted for 8–10 h, rested for 15–30 min after admission in the morning, had fasting venous blood collected, and then underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. The diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes were based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) and World Health Organization (WHO) standards: At 24–28 weeks of pregnancy, fasting blood glucose ≥92 mg/dL (5.1 mmol/L), 1-h glucose ≥180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L), or 2-h glucose ≥153 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L) are the standard values, and if they exceed this standard, they can be diagnosed as GDM ().