Health-related quality of life among patients with long COVID according to the presence of a diagnosis of functional somatic disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Malaria remains a major public health challenge in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), which bears the second highest malaria burden, with an estimated 12.5% of global malaria cases and 11.1% of deaths in 2025 []. Kinshasa Province presents a unique setting where varying levels of urbanization, landscape changes, and rapid population growth create diverse ecological conditions for malaria transmission. The province contains a mix of rural, peri-urban, and urban environments, each of which may influence vector behavior and malaria transmission dynamics []. Fundamental entomological data on malaria transmission remain insufficient and are often outdated or fragmented [,–]. This lack of comprehensive and continuous entomological surveillance hinders efforts to understand local transmission patterns, vector species distribution, insecticide resistance, and the effectiveness of vector control measures. These knowledge gaps make it difficult to select and target effective vector control interventions in Kinshasa Province, where the malaria burden varies considerably across ecological settings [,]. Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) remain the primary malaria vector control tool in Kinshasa and across the DRC []. However, LLINs primarily target endophilic mosquitoes, particularly s.l., the principal malaria vector in the DRC, which predominantly bites at night, with peak activity occurring between 10 PM and 5 AM [,]. However, LLINs may not be fully protective against mosquitoes that bite earlier in the evening, bite outdoors or exhibit behavioral adaptations that reduce contact with LLINs [,]. Moreover, increasing insecticide resistance and changes in vector behavior threaten malaria control efforts in the DRC [,].