The effects of cervical spine posture on susceptibility to walking balance perturbations.

AI is increasingly being integrated into health care, with applications ranging from clinical decision support and imaging analysis to workflow optimization, administrative automation, and patient monitoring. Safe implementation depends not only on technical performance but also on the preparedness, trust, and training of the professionals expected to use these tools [,]. In France, AI has been identified as a strategic priority for health innovation, yet the practical readiness of frontline professionals and students remains insufficiently documented []. International studies suggest that interest in AI frequently exceeds formal preparation. In a web-based survey of 293 physicians and medical students, AlZaabi et al [] found generally positive attitudes toward AI but also a clear need for education, with 69% of participants reporting that AI was an emerging field they wished to learn more about. In Spain, Catalina et al [] reported that implementation in primary care depended not only on technical feasibility but also on professionals’ knowledge and acceptance of AI. In Germany, Laupichler et al [] showed among 377 medical students that prior AI education and interest in AI were both associated with higher AI literacy. More recently, a Saudi Arabian survey of 1221 medical and health sciences students found moderate AI readiness overall, and 44.5% of respondents believed that AI-related courses should be mandatory []. The educational implications of these findings are increasingly emphasized in the literature. A 2024 scoping review identified 21 eligible papers describing 30 educational programs and only 2 curriculum frameworks for AI across medical students, residents, and practicing physicians, underscoring how fragmented the field remains []. Stakeholder and curriculum studies have further emphasized that AI competencies should extend beyond technical understanding to include ethical reasoning, implementation awareness, and critical appraisal [-]. Against this background, the objective of this study was to assess current use of AI, perceived benefits and concerns, confidence, and training needs among French health care professionals and students, with direct relevance for curriculum design, continuing professional development, and the responsible integration of AI into clinical practice.