Skeletal muscle H3K18 lactylation inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis through IL-6 mediated interorgan communication.

Advancement of surgery-related health care technology has led to the development of tools that can assist physicians in providing comprehensive care with improved patient safety. A technological development as applied to neurological surgery is the use of augmented reality (AR). AR is an interactive experience that generates digital content over the real world. In the health care setting, AR can involve medical image (e.g., computed tomography [CT] scan) overlay on a real-world environment (e.g., human body), allowing surgeons to visualize the desired results within context. This differs from virtual reality (VR), in which an entire world is a digital creation. The development of compact and powerful AR devices allows such technology to be used in a multitude of environments, which include clinical and educational settings. The use of AR has been shown to be a useful tool in patient and resident education. When a patient is diagnosed with a condition requiring surgical intervention, the onus is on a surgeon to explain the diagnosis and reasoning behind recommendation of either procedural or nonprocedural management. Adequately explaining the course of action has been shown to decrease patient anxiety about the procedure, empower a patient to take ownership of their care, and decrease the cost associated with treatment. Many factors contribute to a patient’s understanding of their diagnosis and treatment plan, but one of the most impactful factors is health literacy. Providers can support patients by sharing information that is timely, thorough, and without ambiguous medical terminology. AR provides patients with a three-dimensional (3D) platform to visualize their individual pathology. The spatial overlay of AR can allow for a better understanding of a topic.