Cutaneous Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma Presenting as Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.
Authors: Bello SS, Mulvey JJ, Harp J, Magro CM
Journal: Case reports in dermatological medicine
mental health
psychology
open access
Abstract
Family planning (FP) empowers individuals and couples to decide how many children to have and when to have them, access to FP services enables them to access these resources and effectively manage their reproductive choices. Access to family planning services is crucial for reproductive health, gender equality, and economic empowerment. Scholars have highlighted that access encompasses the availability, affordability, and acceptability of FP resources for a significant portion of the population. Pharmacies and drug shops play a vital role in providing access to FP services globally, although their functions vary significantly across different regions. This variation reflects local needs and healthcare systems. For young women aged 15-24, pharmacies and drug shops are crucial sources of FP, as they often prefer these venues over public clinics due to enhanced privacy, affordability, and reduced stigma. In Debre Tabor Town, these outlets commonly offer a range of FP services, including oral contraceptive pills, injectable contraceptives (e.g., depot medroxyprogesterone acetate), emergency contraception (e.g, levonorgestrel pills), male and female condoms, and in some pharmacies, the opportunity to speak privately with a trained pharmacist or a pharmacy technician for counseling on method selection and side effects. This makes these outlets more accessible and welcoming for young women’s reproductive health needs. Each year, about 74 million women in low- and middle-income countries face unintended pregnancies, leading to approximately 25 million unsafe abortions, which significantly heightens the risk of health complications for both women and infants. This situation results in increased health risks for mothers and infants, higher dropout rates for young women, economic pressure on families and communities, and a cycle of poverty that limits opportunities for young women. In high-income countries, such as Canada and Austria, pharmacies have long been part of formal healthcare, offering over-the-counter and emergency contraception, with pharmacists able to prescribe hormonal methods. In Sub-Saharan Africa, about 25% of contraceptive users rely on pharmacies or drug shops, a figure that has increased to 40% in South Asia.