The theta paradox-delayed reduction of frontal midline theta following downregulation neurofeedback training.

In recent decades, mental health professionals have conducted more studies on the importance of spirituality and spiritual development []. Spiritual health is an important aspect of overall well‐being and consists of two components: religious health and existential health. Religious health reflects the satisfaction derived from connection with a higher power, while existential health refers to the search for meaning and purpose in life []. These two dimensions are interrelated and collectively contribute to an individual's sense of spiritual health, satisfaction, and purposefulness []. Evidence indicates that spiritual health may serve as a coping resource and enhance overall quality of life. It may improve individuals' ability to manage life's challenges and support adaptation to stressful situations []. A World Health Organization study conducted in 18 countries involving 5087 participants reported a significant association between spirituality and multiple aspects of quality of life, including psychological, physical, environmental, and social domains []. Conversely, reduced spiritual health may be associated with psychological difficulties such as depressive symptoms and a diminished sense of meaning in life [].