Prolonged Exposure and Emotion Regulation Skills Training: A Pilot Study Among Veterans with Military Sexual Trauma-Related PTSD and Difficulties with Emotion Regulation.

Occipital lobe gliomas and glioneuronal tumors represent a rare and uniquely located subset of supratentorial brain tumors. Epidemiological data show that gliomas vary significantly by brain region, with the occipital lobe being one of the least common sites. A large, multi-dataset analysis of adult diffuse gliomas identified occipital tumors as the rarest lobar subgroup, and occipital glioblastomas displayed distinct survival outcomes and patterns of white-matter tract infiltration compared to tumors in other regions.[] Nevertheless, the literature on occipital tumors is fragmented across small surgical series, studies on radiotherapy patterns, operative reports, and individual case studies.[,,,] This rarity is clinically significant because the occipital lobe houses the primary visual cortex, associative visual networks, and posterior white-matter pathways. Consequently, tumor growth or treatment can lead to visual deficits such as homonymous hemianopia, quadrantanopia, visual hallucinations, palinopsia, alexia, seizures, headaches, or other focal neurological symptoms.[,] Managing these lesions involves balancing oncological control with the preservation of visual and functional capabilities. Maximal safe resection is often aimed for, especially in high-grade gliomas, but occipital surgery carries an inherent risk of permanent visual field deficits if tumors involve the calcarine cortex, optic radiations, or occipital pole.[,,] Studies differ significantly in histology, grading, molecular reporting, operative approaches, and outcome measures, making direct comparisons difficult. This systematic review offers a descriptive overview of occipital lobe glial and glioneuronal tumors, highlighting demographics, clinical signs, anatomical locations, imaging features, pathology, treatment strategies, and outcomes.