Complementary feeding introduction methods and pediatric feeding disorder in the first year of life: a randomized clinical trial.

MDD is a severe mental disorder and the most common cause of disability worldwide, with a lifetime prevalence of nearly 20% (). Epidemiological data show that between 2007 and 2017, the global prevalence of MDD rose significantly, with incidence increasing by approximately 13.0% over the decade (). Furthermore, studies have reported that the recurrence rate within 10 years after a first depressive episode can be as high as 85% (). MDD can severely impact patients’ daily work, lives, and interpersonal relationships, and may even lead to an increased risk of suicide (). MDD is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome, characterized by diverse symptoms and variable treatment responses. Overall, 30-50% of patients show an inadequate response to first-line treatments, which typically include antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy (). Currently, ECT is widely recognized as one of the effective antidepressant treatments, particularly for MDD (), with remission rates ranging from 40% to 70% (). However, previous studies have found that ECT impairs patients’ cognitive function, particularly memory function (). MST is a treatment method that induces epileptic discharges and convulsive seizures through high-intensity, high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). It offers efficacy comparable to ECT but with greater safety (). Compared to TMS, MST features higher magnetic field frequencies and more stable output voltages, making it more suitable for treating severe psychiatric disorders. Compared to ECT, MST can more accurately induce spatial currents on the surface of the cerebral cortex and selectively stimulate localized cortical areas without affecting deep brain nuclei ().