Shared Psychotic Disorder in Two Adolescent Sisters: A Case Report.

Pain is defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage. Orofacial pain refers to any pain related to the maxillomandibular complex, which can be of odontogenic origin, such as dental, or non-odontogenic pain, like musculoskeletal pain. Cognitive decline may be associated with a higher prevalence of orofacial pain. A study on older individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease found that 20.7% of participants had experienced myofascial or periodontal pain. Orofacial pain can significantly impact patients' quality of life, particularly among older adults with dementia, where recognizing pain is difficult. In non-verbal individuals, the challenge of communicating pain may worsen their condition, leading to increased psychological suffering. This can create a cycle where pain intensifies psychological distress, which then heightens pain perception. Dementia, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, is a neurocognitive disorder that affects specific cognitive areas, including memory, learning, language, executive functions, and social judgment. These impairments interfere with interpersonal and occupational functioning, leading to a significant decline from previous levels.