Adolescent Responses to Coercive Requests for Sexual Images.

Violence against women is defined as any act that results in physical, sexual, and psychological harm to women (). In this context, intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to acts that cause physical, sexual, and psychological harm, as well as controlling and aggressive behaviors occurring within intimate relationships (). The World Health Organization [] reported that globally, one in three women aged 15 and older has experienced violence from a male partner or sexual violence from someone other than their partner at least once in their lifetime. Additionally, children tend to experience abuse within their homes at the hands of caregivers, and as they reach adulthood, they are more likely to suffer domestic violence (), perpetuating the cycle of violence against women. Recent data from Honduras indicate that physical abuse ranks among the most prevalent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) reported by Honduran adults. On average, women reported a higher cumulative number of ACEs compared to men and were significantly more likely to disclose experiences of sexual violence during childhood (). Violence against women manifests in various forms, including psychological violence, physical violence, sexual violence, economic violence, and digital violence. Psychological violence is defined as any emotional manipulation, restrictions on social interactions, and verbal abuse that includes insults and derogatory comments (; ; ). Beyond psychological harm, violence against women also frequently escalates into physical aggression. Physical violence encompasses acts that can cause bodily harm to the victim, such as being pushed, slapped, punched, or threatened with a gun or knife (). Closely related to physical aggression, sexual violence refers to non-consensual sexual acts, often involving coercion or force, and may include humiliating or degrading sexual behavior (). The indicated that by 2018, in the Latin America and Caribbean region, approximately 25% of women had experienced physical and/or sexual violence from an intimate partner.