Scrolling Toward Dissatisfaction? A Longitudinal Examination of Short-Form Video Use, Body Dissatisfaction, and Disordered Eating Among Nurses.

Schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders exist on a spectrum, and the associated symptoms vary along a continuum from health to illness [–]. Schizotypy describes a set of multidimensional traits in the general population that are associated with genetic, neurobiological, and behavioral liability to psychotic and related disorders [, , ]. Positive and negative schizotypy represent subclinical expressions of broader dimensions of psychopathology that mirror the positive and negative symptom domains observed in schizophrenia [, , ]. The positive dimension (or psychoticism) is characterized by unusual perceptual experiences, suspiciousness, and reality distortion; and the negative dimension (or detachment) encompasses introversion (low extraversion), social withdrawal, and diminished motivation. Both positive and negative schizotypy are associated with the schizophrenia spectrum [] and also intersect with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Individuals with ASD, ADHD, and 22q11DS tend to have high levels of schizotypal traits [–], and ADHD in childhood/adolescence is predictive of higher schizotypal traits in adulthood []. In addition, more specific associations between negative schizotypy and ASD [, , ] and positive schizotypy and 22q11DS [, ] have been reported. Taken together, these findings suggest common but also divergent associations of positive and negative schizotypy with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) as well as neurodevelopmental conditions. Thus, characterizing the brain’s morphometric signatures of positive and negative schizotypy may inform both neurobiological pathways and protective mechanisms related to schizophrenia-spectrum and neurodevelopmental conditions, without confounding by antipsychotic medications or comorbidities with other mental health disorders. While subtle structural and functional alterations have been associated with schizotypy and subclinical psychotic symptoms in the general population [–], methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes in individual studies have limited previous research []. Recognizing these challenges, the ENIGMA Schizotypy Working Group recently coordinated an international analysis of morphometric profiles associated with general schizotypy (n = 3004 individuals), using standardized image analysis, quality assurance and statistical analysis pipelines across cohorts []. We identified a distinct neuroanatomical profile characterized by thicker medial orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mOFC/vmPFC) associated with higher total schizotypy scores []. Furthermore, brain-wide cortical thickness patterns in schizotypy [] were significantly associated with cortical thinning observed in schizophrenia [], suggesting a neurobiological continuum within the extended psychosis phenotype. Parallel research has extended this perspective, showing that genetic risk, clinical high-risk and neuropsychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, share spatial similarities in cortical alterations [–]. These shared patterns may be driven by a complex interplay of molecular and connectomic vulnerabilities [] as well as neurotransmitter profiles [], that manifest as coordinated alterations in cortical thickness [, ]. In this context, two network mechanisms are proposed to guide such coordinated processes of morphometric alterations across risk stages and pathologies. First, it has been demonstrated that both structural and functional cortical hubs are more susceptible to alterations in neuropsychiatric conditions [, , –]. Second, it has been shown that disease-specific and cross-disorder alteration patterns are constrained by the normative connectivity profiles of distinct brain regions. This suggests that cortical alterations propagate in a network-like fashion from one or more epicenters to the most closely connected brain regions [, , , –]. However, the extent to which these mechanisms occur on a continuum and may reflect subtle neuroanatomical variations associated with schizotypal traits in the general population remains unknown. Here we address these questions by conducting a multiscale analysis of the neuroanatomical variations associated with positive and negative schizotypy. We first provide a large-scale meta-analysis of neuroanatomical signatures of positive and negative schizotypy, drawing on comprehensive data of 2730 unmedicated healthy individuals from the ENIGMA-Schizotypy working group. We then systematically compare the cortical thickness profiles associated with positive and negative schizotypy to several existing resources of brain data spanning disease-related cortical abnormality maps, micro-architecture, and global connectomics [, ]. Specifically, we contrast the cortical alteration patterns of positive and negative schizotypy with meta-analytic cortical alteration maps of schizophrenia spectrum conditions