Decision aid reduces caregivers' preference for acid-suppressive medication in infants with symptoms suggestive of reflux.

Accelerating climate change has intensified heat exposures. The 2025 report highlighted that populations spent more time at moderate heat stress levels during light physical activity (). In 2024, each person was exposed to 36% more time (average of 1609 h) at moderate heat stress during light physical activity, compared to the period between 1990 and 1999 (). While the report presents a substantial increase in heat exposures in recent decades during light physical activity, the thermal strain rapidly escalates as the intensity of physical activity increases. Endogenous metabolic heat production increases during moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and individuals exercising or working outdoors face greater risks of heat-related morbidity (). It has been reported in 2019 that globally, approximately 462 million people lived with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (). The trajectory of T2D prevalence is expected to continue to rise through the decades, with incidence peaking in middle age (). Consequently, environmental heat stress increasingly constrains opportunities for safe physical activity, particularly in chronically ill populations such as those with T2D (,). It is well established that people with T2D are at greater risk of heat-related illness during exercise compared to their healthy counterparts (,). Consequently, performing exercise in higher environmental heat stress may further increase their thermal strain and risk of heat-related morbidity. Indeed, when combined with ageing, T2D is associated with increased clinic visits during heatwaves (). People with T2D exhibit greater heat storage during and after exercise in hot environments owing to T2D-associated changes in sudomotor and vasomotor responses (). Furthermore, these impairments are exacerbated by ageing (). Heat-related illness is not the only risk stemming from exertional heat stress. Previous studies highlight that exercise and physical work in the heat increase the propensity for falls and accidents (,). Hyperthermia contributes to central and peripheral fatigue, impairing force production and postural stability (,). These deficits may elevate fall risk after exertional heat stress (e.g., physical labor and exercise in hot environments), particularly in individuals with T2D owing to their higher susceptibility to heat-related illness (). Indeed, T2D is a well-established independent risk factor for falls, even in the absence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (). Diabetes-related impairments in sensorimotor integration may increase the likelihood of slips, trips, and falls. Considering that falls are one of the leading causes of disability-adjusted life years in both men and women, outranking many other chronic conditions (), it is an important consideration during outdoor physical activity in people with T2D.