Finding Mr. Right: Housing Quality Affects Male Mouse Attractiveness to Females, With Implications for Conservation Captive Breeding.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex eating disorder characterized primarily by restricted oral intake leading to significant weight loss. AN is the third most common chronic illness among adolescent girls, with prevalence in teenage girls ranging from 1% to 4% in Europe., According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5), AN is classified into several subtypes. In this study, we focused exclusively on the classical (C‐AN, often called just AN) and atypical (AAN) forms. While AAN shares many characteristics with C‐AN, such as restricted oral intake, body image disturbance and fear of gaining weight, the key difference is that patients with AAN are not underweight at the time of diagnosis., AN induces a pattern of starvation that is physiologically distinct from classic childhood malnutrition. The energy deficit is self‐imposed and major neuroendocrine reprogramming is triggered: hypothalamic amenorrhea (due to low gonadotropins and sex hormones), growth‐hormone resistance, hypercortisolemia, and a sick‐euthyroid pattern. AN patients have significantly suppressed basal metabolic rate. Energy is preferentially derived from fat oxidation and ketosis, whereas protein catabolism is “proportionate” across organs and muscle., On the other hand, marasmus, starvation due to general calorie deficiency, and kwashiorkor, a primarily protein deficiency, produce different patterns. Marasmus causes severe fat and muscle wasting with preservation of plasma proteins. Oncotic pressure remains normal and usually no edema develops. Kwashiorkor′s hallmark is profound visceral protein loss, which leads to hypoalbuminemia, fatty liver, and pitting edema. Moreover, AN appears paradoxically pro‐inflammatory and AN patients have cell‐mediated immunity relatively preserved and generally do not suffer the typical severe infections of malnourished children. Malnutrition is considered the hallmark of AN. Early recognition and timely intervention are critical to prevent irreversible organ and tissue damage. Clinicians face distinctive challenges in treating AN due to often inaccurate patient histories influenced by distorted self‐image and negativity, as well as frustration from patients' apparent lackof desire to recover amidst busy inpatient services.