A pilot randomized controlled trial of the self-management assistance for recommended treatment inflammatory bowel disease app for adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia worldwide. It involves the slow accumulation of mature Cluster of Differentiation 5 positive (CD5+) B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues []. CLL mostly occurs in older patients, with a diagnosis typically being made at the age of 70 years through routine blood tests. Symptoms are nonspecific, and include fatigue, night sweats, fever, and recurrent infections []. Clinically, the diagnosis of CLL is made on the basis of persistent lymphocytosis greater than 5 × 10⁹/L for a period of three months or more, supported by specific cell morphology and immunophenotyping, often established using the Matutes score []. The treatment of this disease is increasingly informed by the genetic makeup of the patient; for example, Tumor Protein 53 (TP53) mutations, including 17p deletion (del17p), predict a poor response to standard chemotherapy, whereas somatic hypermutation of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Variable region (IGHV) implies a better prognosis [, ]. Traditionally, the approach involves the application of chemoimmunotherapy protocols, primarily the Fludarabine+Cyclophosphamide+Rituximab (FCR) regimen, which is effective but is associated with complications such as infections and neutropenia []. The introduction of targeted therapy has changed treatment protocols, especially inhibitors of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, such as Tyrosine Kinase (BTK), Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K), and B-cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitors. Compared with chemoimmunotherapy, targeted therapy is safer and more effective, especially for high-risk patients [].