Improving self-efficacy through nurse navigation in patients during treatment for colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

In addition to lifestyle changes that have promoted increasing weight in the general population, advances in insulin treatment for individuals with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have also been associated with unintended metabolic consequences, including weight gain, insulin resistance, and the emergence of additional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidemia []. As a result, the prevalence of obesity is increasing in individuals with T1DM, with previously reported obesity rates of ~3.4% observed in patients with T1DM in the 1980s increasing to ~28%–37% in the 2020s []. Weight loss fundamentally requires a negative caloric balance, which can be achieved through various dietary strategies, including daily caloric restriction or intermittent caloric restriction (ICR) approaches such as intermittent fasting (IF) and time‐restricted eating (TRE). Although conventional weight management strategies have traditionally emphasized reducing caloric intake, IF and TRE focus on limiting the time window for eating. IF typically involves fasting every other day, 2 days per week, or several days per month [], whereas TRE implements a daily 14–16‐h fasting window paired with an 8–10‐h eating window []. Although ICR has demonstrated efficacy in weight management for individuals without diabetes and those with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), its application and potential effectiveness among patients with T1DM remain unexplored. There is a critical gap in understanding the lived experiences of T1DM patients who employ TRE for weight management, which limits our understanding of TRE′s feasibility in this population.