Impact of semaglutide introduction on the use of triptans: an interrupted-time series.

More than two billion children currently live worldwide [], a number projected to increase by over 60 million in the next two decades []. Parent–child interactions [], parenting practices [,], and family structure [] are recognized as key influences on children’s development and well-being []. Political changes, socio-cultural issues, and the loss of one parent have been associated with an increase in single-parent families, which currently account for approximately 6.8% of families worldwide []. According to the Statistical Center of Iran, 7.2% of households, or more than one million, 753,960 households, are single-parent households, of which 17% have a male head and 83% have a female head []. Evidence shows that parental absence and conflict between separated or divorced parents negatively impact children’s mental and physical health, development, and peer relationships throughout their lives []. Disrupted family relationships and the absence of a parent are associated with developmental and mental health challenges in children []. One such at-risk group is children from single-parent families, who are at risk of neglect, emotional abuse, and physical abuse due to limited resources and reduced parental capacity []. Attention problems and the lack of emotion regulation are also linked to chronic stress in such children. Studies have demonstrated that both internalizing (anxiety and depression) and externalizing (aggression and conduct) problems are prevalent in this population []. Considerable evidence supports the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral interventions in adults [,]. However, there are significant challenges associated with applying these interventions to children []. In particular, given that these interventions are developed based on metacognition, verbal reasoning, causal and logical thinking, and understanding of emotions, children often struggle to grasp their core concepts [].