Behavioral Phenotyping of the Pah(enu2) Mouse Model for Phenylketonuria-A Scoping Review and Future Perspectives.

Chronic viral hepatitis is one of the most serious health problems in the world. It results in the mortality of 1.4 million patients each year. It affects the population’s health in Saudi Arabia, where many individuals are suffering from liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and have undergone liver transplants. Chronic hepatitis B and C are prevalent in Saudi Arabia at a rate of 2.72% and 3.43%, respectively. The percentages of mortality related to hepatitis B and C are 2.2 and 6.61 per 100,000 patients, respectively, and per 100,000 individuals, hepatitis A, B, and C coexist at a rate of 0.23, 14.53, and 5.75, respectively. The faecal-oral route is the main mode of transmission of the Hepatitis A virus (HAV). There may be no symptoms, or the patient may suffer from acute severe hepatitis in the form of Jaundice, elevated body temperature, and diarrhoea. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) is highly prevalent in the world. Although it is endemic in Saudi Arabia, the national vaccination program has decreased its prevalence in recent years. HBV is transmitted via contaminated blood and body secretions. Vertical transmission from an infected mother to her baby is another important route. The most common complications of HBV are liver cirrhosis and HCC.