Dissociable Trait Correlates of P300 Variability and Amplitude: Conscientiousness and Disinhibition.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide., , China bears a disproportionate share of this burden with an estimated 16.99 million people currently living with AD and related dementias, contributing nearly 30% of global cases. This represents a substantial public health burden with profound socioeconomic implications. For decades, available treatments for AD were limited to symptomatic management. Guided by the amyloid‐beta (Aβ) hypothesis, drug development has led to a novel class of disease‐modifying therapies, including anti‐Aβ monoclonal antibodies., , , The phase III Clarity AD trial of lecanemab, the first anti‐Aβ monoclonal antibody approved for use in China, demonstrated a 27% reduction in clinical decline on the Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) in patients with early AD when compared with placebo. Post‐marketing experience, however, has highlighted safety concerns, particularly infusion‐related reactions (IRRs) and amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA)., , Translating lecanemab from rigorously controlled trials to routine clinical practice introduces uncertainties, and its clinical performance in real‐world settings remains insufficiently characterized. Patients encountered in routine clinical practice often present with a broader age range, more comorbidities, and less frequent radiologic monitoring than those enrolled in trials. Moreover, variations in clinicians’ experience with anti‐Aβ therapies may influence ARIA detection, the timing of interventions, and ultimately patient outcomes. These population‐specific factors underscore the need to clarify lecanemab's efficacy and safety profile in Chinese patients to guide risk–benefit considerations and support more tailored clinical recommendations.