Construction and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in Lung Cancer Patients.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is defined as a three‐dimensional spinal deformity with a Cobb angle ≥ 10° in the absence of identifiable causes, such as congenital malformations or neuromuscular disorders []. AIS primarily occurs in adolescents aged 10 and 18 years of age and represents the most common type of scoliosis, accounting for approximately 80% of all cases []; its global prevalence ranges from 0.47% to 5.20% [], with a higher prevalence among females []. Rapid growth during puberty increases the risk of ongoing curve progression and precipitates a cascade of physiological burdens: three‐dimensional deformities of the spine and thorax lead to postural abnormalities and body asymmetry; malalignment and myofascial compensation are associated with chronic or activity‐related pain; reduced flexibility and endurance restrict physical performance; and, in severe cases, reduced thoracic compliance, diminished vital capacity, and impaired cardiopulmonary function may occur []. Beyond the physical effects, AIS also entails profound psychological and psychosocial challenges during puberty, a particularly sensitive developmental period for the consolidation of self‐concept and personal values []. During adolescence, multiple stressors converge to intensify patients' psychological burden. On the one hand, they must constantly navigate the tension between adhering to brace treatment and avoiding negative attention or rejection from peers. On the other hand, they are prone to catastrophically anticipating and evaluating potential surgical risks and postoperative pain, while simultaneously experiencing inadequate family support, such as insufficient emotional reassurance, limited communication, and restricted involvement in decision‐making. Compared with adults, adolescents are still undergoing maturation in brain development, emotional regulation, and patterns of social attachment, rendering them more susceptible to pronounced mood fluctuations, excessive worry, and profound uncertainty about their future education, careers, and intimate relationships []. Family systems theory conceptualizes the family as an interdependent, dynamically regulated organic whole, emphasizing that members' emotions, behaviours, and roles do not exist in isolation but form mutually influencing feedback loops through interaction []. AIS patients are in a critical period of adolescent psychological development; the disease trajectory involves long‐term orthopaedic correction, rehabilitation, and appearance changes, impacting not only patients' self‐identity and emotions but also imposing a dual burden of caregiving and psychological support on caregivers. Given their young age and lack of disease management and self‐care abilities, patients rely on caregivers as their primary supporters. However, most caregivers face deficits in knowledge and caregiving skills, alongside psychological and financial burdens, throughout the diagnosis and caregiving process [, ]. Disease uncertainty—through information gaps, expectation discrepancies, and value conflicts—not only impairs patients' quality of life but also heightens caregiver stress. Prolonged caregiving predisposes caregivers to exhaustion and irritability; restricted social activities and reduced personal time can affect physical and mental state alterations, manifesting as varying degrees of anxiety and depression. The prevalence of anxiety and depression among parents of AIS patients is significantly higher than that of the general parental population []. Across the entire care continuum—from hospitalization to discharge and home‐based management—caregivers shoulder critical responsibilities, including medical communication, treatment decision‐making, daily care, and emotional support, while concurrently confronting potential health deterioration, emotional exhaustion, and social isolation. These multifaceted burdens not only undermine caregivers' own physical and mental health but also, through feedback loops within the family system, adversely affect patients' treatment adherence, psychological adjustment ability, and long‐term clinical and psychosocial outcomes. Therefore, from the perspective of family systems theory, identifying caregivers' unmet needs and enhancing their self‐efficacy and sense of control—thereby alleviating intrinsic psychological distress and strengthening their capacity and readiness to manage the patient's health status and medical demands—is crucial for optimizing the entire care continuum.